Length, spam-word scan, and an inbox preview for Gmail & Outlook.
Type a subject line to scan it.
Every email client truncates subject lines at a different point — Gmail desktop shows roughly 70 characters, Gmail on mobile cuts off around 33, and Apple Mail on an iPhone is tighter still. Write past those limits and your carefully-crafted hook gets chopped mid-sentence.
Certain words and patterns also correlate with spam-filter flags and promotions-tab sorting — not a guarantee either way, but worth knowing before you send.